Air Rifles

An air gun or airgun is a gun that fires projectiles pneumatically with compressed air or other gases that are mechanically pressurized without involving any chemical reactions, in contrast to a firearm, which pressurizes gases chemically via oxidation of combustible propellants that generates propulsive energy by breaking molecular bonds. Air Rifles

Air guns come in both long gun (air rifle) and handgun (air pistol) forms. Both types typically propel metallic projectiles that are either diabolo-shaped pellets or spherical shots called BBs, although in recent years Minié ball-shaped cylindro-conoidal projectiles called slugs are gaining more popularity. Certain types of air guns (usually air rifles) may also launch fin-stabilized projectiles such as darts (e.g., tranquilizer guns) or hollow-shaft arrows (so-called “air bows”).

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The first air guns were developed as early as the 16th century, and have since been used in hunting, shooting sports,s and even in warfare. There are three different power sources for modern air guns, depending on the design: spring-piston, pneumatic, or bottled compressed gas (most commonly carbon dioxide).

Air guns are used for small game hunting, pest control, recreational shooting (commonly known as plinking), and competitive sports such as the Olympic 10 m Air Rifle and 10 m Air Pistol events. Field Target (FT) is a competitive form of metallic silhouette shooting in which the targets are animal-shaped steel targets with a “kill zone” cut-out. Hunter Field Target (HFT) is a variation, using identical equipment, but with differing rules. The distances between FT and HFT competitions are shot at a range between 7.3 and 41.1 meters (24 and 135 ft) for HFT & 7.3 and 50.29 meters (24.0 and 165.0 ft) for FT, with varying sizes of “reducers” being used to increase or decrease the size of the kill zone. In the UK, competition power limits are set at the legal maximum for an unlicensed air rifle, i.e. 12 ft⋅lbf (16 J). Air rifle benchrest is an international shooting sport where the objective is to hit a (small) bulls-eye target at 25 m (27.34 yds) shooting distance. There are two divisions ARLV 12 ft⋅lbf (16.27 J) and ARHV 20 ft⋅lbf (27.12 J).[6][7]

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The increasing affordability of higher-power pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) rifles has allowed large projectiles and further target distance for competition purposes. For instance, the Extreme Benchrest competition held annually in Green Valley, Arizona allows calibers up to .30 inches (7.6 mm) at 75 yds (68.58 m) while the Big Bore Benchrest arm of the same competition at other localities engages targets at 35 to 300 yards (32 to 274 m).